19 results
Initial and Residual Herbicide Control of Crabgrass (Digitaria spp.) in Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Turf
- L. M. Callahan, J. R. Overton, W. L. Sanders
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- Journal:
- Weed Science / Volume 31 / Issue 5 / September 1983
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 619-622
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Over 9 yr, bandane (polychlorodicyclopentadiene isomers) at 67 kg/ha, bensulide [O,O-diisopropyl phosphorodithioate S-ester with N-(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide] at 11 and 22 kg/ha, DCPA (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate) at 22 kg/ha, and terbutol (2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-tolyl methylcarbamate) at 22 kg/ha applied preemergence controlled 94 to 100% of large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. # DIGSP] in a lawn of common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. # CYNDA]. Control from benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine) at 5 kg/ha, DCPA at 11 kg/ha, simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine] at 5 kg/ha, and terbutol at 11 kg/ha was 90 to 99%. Bandane and bensulide persisted in soil to control large crabgrass a year after treatment.
Phytotoxicity of Herbicides to a Tifgreen Bermudagrass Green
- L. M. Callahan
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- Journal:
- Weed Science / Volume 24 / Issue 1 / January 1976
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 92-98
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A ‘tifgreen’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] golf-type green was treated with seven preemergence and one postemergence type herbicides at two rates each for three consecutive years to assess their phytotoxicity. A few herbicides were applied on a second, third, and fourth treatment date during the year with applications made in separate plots. Severe foliage injury occurred the first year with siduron [1-(2-methylcyclohexyl)-3-phenylurea] while moderate injury occurred with bromacil (5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil) and DCPA (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate); and slight injury occurred with benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine), bensulide [0,0-diisopropyl phosphorodithioate S-ester with N-(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide], and terbutol (2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-tolyl methylcarbamate). No injury was observed with bandane (polychlorodicyclopentadiene isomers) and tri-calcium arsenate. Injury to the bermudagrass in the second year following renewal treatments was severe with siduron and bromacil; moderate with benefin, bandane, DCPA, and terbutol; and slight with bensulide and tri-calcium arsenate. Injury in the third year following repeat applications was severe with siduron, terbutol, bandane, bromacil, benefin, and DCPA; slight to moderate with bensulide, and slight with tri-calcium arsenate. Injury observed the fourth year resulting from residues was moderate with bandane; slight with terbutol, benefin, bensulide, and DCPA; and none with siduron, bromacil, and tri-calcium arsenate.
The Response of Kentucky Bluegrass to Soil Residues of Preemergence Herbicides
- G. S. Smith, L. M. Callahan
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- Journal:
- Weed Science / Volume 17 / Issue 1 / January 1969
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 13-15
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Common Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) sod-plugs were grown in the greenhouse in soil freshly treated with 11 herbicides and in soil collected from the 0 to 2 and 2 to 4-inch depths of field plots treated 10 months earlier with the same herbicides. Fresh herbicide treatments reduced significantly the root regrowth of the bluegrass plants. The 12-lb/A rate of the fresh application of 1-(2-methylcyclohexyl)-3-phenylurea (siduron) caused the least chemical inhibition of root regrowth. The most phytotoxic fresh applications were 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine (atrazine) and 2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine (simazine), both killing the bluegrass plants at the 4 lb /A rate. Root regrowth of bluegrass grown in the herbicide residue samples was significantly reduced for all treatments. Herbicides which tended to persist in the 0 to 2-inch soil level and were most phytotoxic to root regrowth were simazine, polychlorodicyclopentadiene isomers (hereinafter referred to as bandane), N-(2-mercaptoethyl)-benzenesulfonamide S-(O,O-diisopropyl phosphorodithioate) (bensulide), and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-tolyl-methylcarbamate (terbutol). Those herbicides which tended to leach into the 2 to 4-inch soil level and cause the greatest reduction of root regrowth were N-butyl-N-ethyl-alpha, alpha, alpha-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine (benefin), α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin), atrazine, and O-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) O-methyl isopropylphosphoramidothioate (DMPA). Herbicides which tended to leach uniformly throughout the 0 to 2 and 2 to 4-inch soil layers were siduron, an equal mixture of 1,1-dimethyl-4,6-diisopropyl-5-indanyl ethyl ketone and 1,1-dimethyl-4,6-diisopropyl-7-indanyl ethyl ketone (hereinafter referred to as sin-done), and dimethyl 2,3,5,6-tetra-chloroterephthalate (DCPA).
Phytotoxicity of Herbicides to a Penncross Bentgrass Green
- L. M. Callahan
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- Journal:
- Weed Science / Volume 20 / Issue 4 / July 1972
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 387-391
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A ‘penncross' bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) golf-type green was treated in the spring with seven herbicides at three rates each for three consecutive annual applications to assess their phytotoxicity. Herbicides which caused slight foliage injury the first year were tri-calcium arsenate, dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate (DCPA), and polychlorodicyclopentadiene isomers (bandane); moderate injury occurred with 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-tolyl methylcarbamate (terbutol) and N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine (benefin). No injury was observed with O,O-diisopropyl phosphorodithioate S-ester with N-(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide (bensulide) and 1-(2-methylcyclohexyl)-3-phenylurea (siduron). For the second and third year bandane was reapplied at half and tri-calcium arsenate at one fourth the original rate. Loss of bentgrass sod the second year was slight with terbutol and bandane and moderate with benefin and DCPA. No sod loss occurred with tri-calcium arsenate, siduron, and bensulide. Sod loss the third year was slight with tri-calcium arsenate, moderate with siduron and DCPA, and severe with bensulide, benefin, bandane, and terbutol. A persisting sod loss the fourth season, an observation year, was nil with tri-calcium arsenate; slight with siduron, benefin, and DCPA; slight to moderate with bensulide; moderate with bandane; and severe with terbutol.
Herbicidal Phytotoxicity to Emerald Zoysia during Establishment
- G. S. Smith, L. M. Callahan
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- Journal:
- Weed Science / Volume 16 / Issue 3 / July 1968
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 312-315
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A study of herbicides to aid in establishing an Emerald zoysia (Zoysia japonica x Zoysia tenuifolia Willd. ex Trin.) sod was initiated in the summer of 1965. Eleven herbicides were applied to Emerald zoysia sod-plugs newly planted in Emory clay loam soil. All of the herbicides provided excellent premergence control of crabgrass (Digitaria spp.) and goosegrass (Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.) throughout the growing season following treatments. Both 1-(2-methylcyclohexyl)-3-phenylurea (siduron) and O-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) O-methyl isopropylphosphoramido-thioate (DMPA) caused either no observable injury or only slight injury, thus causing no apparent chemical inhibition of growth and resulting in a rapid rate of establishment of the turfgrass. But N-(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide S-(O,O-diisopropyl phosphorodithioate) (bensulide) and 2,6-di-tert-p-tolyl-methylcarbamate (terbutol) severely injured Emerald zoysia; they seriously retarded the growth of the zoysia and greatly inhibited ground cover. Herbicides which effectively eliminated weed competition but which greatly retarded the growth of the turfgrass were more detrimental to establishment rate than the actual competition from weeds. These results indicate that selecting a herbicide safe to the turfgrass is more important than choosing a herbicide which only gives good weed control. However, indications are that some herbicides do combine the two important factors of safety and excellent weed control.
Developing one-dimensional implosions for inertial confinement fusion science
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- J. L. Kline, S. A. Yi, A. N. Simakov, R. E. Olson, D. C. Wilson, G. A. Kyrala, T. S. Perry, S. H. Batha, E. L. Dewald, J. E. Ralph, D. J. Strozzi, A. G. MacPhee, D. A. Callahan, D. Hinkel, O. A. Hurricane, R. J. Leeper, A. B. Zylstra, R. R. Peterson, B. M. Haines, L. Yin, P. A. Bradley, R. C. Shah, T. Braun, J. Biener, B. J. Kozioziemski, J. D. Sater, M. M. Biener, A. V. Hamza, A. Nikroo, L. F. Berzak Hopkins, D. Ho, S. LePape, N. B. Meezan, D. S. Montgomery, W. S. Daughton, E. C. Merritt, T. Cardenas, E. S. Dodd
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- Journal:
- High Power Laser Science and Engineering / Volume 4 / 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 December 2016, e44
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Experiments on the National Ignition Facility show that multi-dimensional effects currently dominate the implosion performance. Low mode implosion symmetry and hydrodynamic instabilities seeded by capsule mounting features appear to be two key limiting factors for implosion performance. One reason these factors have a large impact on the performance of inertial confinement fusion implosions is the high convergence required to achieve high fusion gains. To tackle these problems, a predictable implosion platform is needed meaning experiments must trade-off high gain for performance. LANL has adopted three main approaches to develop a one-dimensional (1D) implosion platform where 1D means measured yield over the 1D clean calculation. A high adiabat, low convergence platform is being developed using beryllium capsules enabling larger case-to-capsule ratios to improve symmetry. The second approach is liquid fuel layers using wetted foam targets. With liquid fuel layers, the implosion convergence can be controlled via the initial vapor pressure set by the target fielding temperature. The last method is double shell targets. For double shells, the smaller inner shell houses the DT fuel and the convergence of this cavity is relatively small compared to hot spot ignition. However, double shell targets have a different set of trade-off versus advantages. Details for each of these approaches are described.
Immunological castration temporarily reduces testis size and function without long-term effects on libido and sperm quality in boars
- D. W. Lugar, M. L. Rhoads, S. G. Clark-Deener, S. R. Callahan, A. K. Revercomb, K. J. Prusa, M. J. Estienne
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The objective was to determine the effects of immunization against gonadotropin-releasing hormone on reproductive characteristics in boars. A total of 72 boars were used in a randomized design with three treatments: single immunization (SI) (10 weeks of age) or double immunization (DI) (10 and 15 weeks of age) with Improvest® and intact controls (no Improvest®; CNT) (n=24/group). At 10, 15, 20, 25 and 40 weeks of age, blood was collected and serum harvested to evaluate testosterone concentrations. Testosterone concentrations were less for DI boars compared with CNT boars and SI boars at 20 and 25 weeks (P<0.001), but not at 40 weeks of age. At week 25, 18 pigs (n=6/group) were sacrificed and testes were removed, weighed and measured, and seminiferous tubules were examined and scored using histological slides of testes parenchyma. A sample of neck fat was assessed for boar taint aroma. All testicular measurements and weights and seminiferous tubule scores were less for DI boars compared with SI and CNT boars (P<0.001). More (P<0.05) SI and CNT boars had detectable boar taint aroma than DI boars. Libido was assessed at 32, 36, 47, 60 and 63 weeks of age and semen collected at 60 weeks of age was analyzed for indicators of quality. There were no effects of treatment (P=0.41) or treatment by week (P=0.71) on libido. Semen volume, gel weight and total number of sperm cells, determined in a subset of boars (n=3/treatment), were not different among treatments. Sperm concentration was greater for DI than SI (P=0.01), and tended to be greater for DI compared with CNT (P=0.10). Sperm motility tended to be greater for DI boars compared with CNT boars (P=0.066). In conclusion, our results show that there are no long-term effects of immunocastration on reproductive characteristics in boars.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
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- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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A serosurvey for HTLV-I among high-risk populations and normal adults in Egypt
- N. T. Constantine, M. Fathi Sheba, A. L. Corwin, R. S. Danahy, J. D. Callahan, D. M. Watts
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- Journal:
- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 107 / Issue 2 / October 1991
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 May 2009, pp. 429-433
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The prevalence of antibodies to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1) was determined in high-risk groups and normal adults in Egypt. Among 647 individuals tested, 6 (0·9%) were confirmed positive by western blot analysis. These included 2 (0·7%) of 279 drug addicts, 1 (3·3%) of 30 patients with sexually transmitted diseases, and 3 (2·2%) of 133 healthy individuals. Antibody was not detected in 47 blood recipients or 158 prostitutes. There was no correlation between sex or geographical location and HTLV-I infection. Fifty-three of the 647 sera (8%) were initially reactive by ELISA, but only 12 sera were repeatedly reactive. Since only 4 of these repeatedly reactive sera were confirmed by the western blot, the frequency of false positives using the DuPont screening ELISA was 1·2% (8/643). Two additional sera, confirmed positive by western blot, had been reactive, but not repeatedly, by ELISA. In comparison to the prevalence of HTLV-I antibody among risk groups in many parts of the world, the prevalence in Egypt was low.
Aripiprazole in the treatment of the psychosis prodrome: An open-label pilot study
- Scott W. Woods, Elizabeth M. Tully, Barbara C. Walsh, Keith A. Hawkins, Jennifer L. Callahan, Shuki J. Cohen, Daniel H. Mathalon, Tandy J. Miller, Thomas H. McGlashan
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 191 / Issue S51 / December 2007
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2018, pp. s96-s101
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- December 2007
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Background
Research studies for the treatment of the putative prodromal phase of psychotic disorders have begun to appear
AimsTo obtain preliminary evidence of the short-term efficacy and safety of aripiprazole treatment in people with the psychosis prodrome
MethodFifteen participants meeting prodrome criteria (mean age 17.1 years, s.d.=5.5) enrolled in an open-label, single-site trial with fixed-flexible dosing of aripiprazole (5–30 mg/day) for 8 weeks
ResultsIn the mixed-effects repeated-measures analysis, improvement from baseline on the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms total score was statistically significant by the first week. No participant converted to psychosis and 13 completed treatment. Neuropsychological measures showed no consistent improvement; mean weight gain was 1.2 kg. Akathisia emerged in 8 participants, but the mean Barnes Akathisia Scale score fell to baseline levels by the final visit. Adverse events were otherwise minimal
ConclusionsAripiprazole shows a promising efficacy and safety profile for the psychosis prodrome. Placebo-controlled studies are indicated
High electron mobility in free-standing GaN substrates
- A. Saxler, D. C. Look, S. Elhamri, J. Sizelove, D. Cull, W. C. Mitchel, M. Callahan, D. Bliss, L. Bouthillette, Sheng-Qi Wang, C. M. Sung, S. S. Park, K. Y. Lee
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 639 / 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 March 2011, G7.2
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- 2000
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High peak electron mobilities were observed in free-standing c-plane GaN substrates. Two layers, a low mobility degenerate layer and a high mobility bulk layer, were present in these samples. The carrier concentrations and mobilities for the layers were extracted using two methods: 1) magnetic field dependent Hall effect analysis and 2) a simple two carrier model with the assumption that one of the layers is degenerate. In addition, measurements were performed after etching away the degenerate layer. The mobility of the bulk layer is found to peak at nearly 8000 cm2/Vs at 60K using the magnetic field dependent Hall effect data. Record room temperature mobility for bulk GaN of 1190 cm2/V s was measured.
High Quality Hydrothermal ZnO Crystals
- M. Suscavage, M. Harris, D. Bliss, P. Yip, S.-Q. Wang, D. Schwall, L. Bouthillette, J. Bailey, M. Callahan, D. C. Look, D. C. Reynolds, R. L. Jones, C. W. Litton
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- Journal:
- Materials Research Society Internet Journal of Nitride Semiconductor Research / Volume 4 / Issue S1 / 1999
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 June 2014, pp. 287-292
- Print publication:
- 1999
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Zinc Oxide crystals have historically been grown in hydrothermal autoclaves with a basic mineralizer; however, doubts have been raised about the quality of such crystals because they have often exhibited large x-ray rocking curve widths and low photoluminescence (PL) yield with large linewidths. Several ZnO crystals were grown hydrothermally and sliced parallel to the c-plane. This resulted in opposite surfaces (the C+ and C−) exhibiting pronounced chemical and mechanical differences. Different surface treatments were investigated and compared by PL both at room temperature and liquid helium temperatures, and by double axis X-ray rocking curve measurements. The high quality of hydrothermally-grown ZnO is substantiated by the narrow rocking curve widths and sharp PL peaks obtained. A critical factor in obtaining these results was found to be surface preparation.
High Quality Hydrothermal ZnO Crystals
- M. Suscavage, M. Harris, D. Bliss, P. Yip, S.-Q. Wang, D. Schwall, L. Bouthillette, J. Bailey, M. Callahan, D. C. Look, D. C. Reynolds, R. L. Jones, C. W. Litton
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 537 / 1998
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 February 2011, G3.40
- Print publication:
- 1998
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Zinc Oxide crystals have historically been grown in hydrothermal autoclaves with a basic mineralizer; however, doubts have been raised about the quality of such crystals because they have often exhibited large x-ray rocking curve widths and low photoluminescence (PL) yield with large linewidths. Several ZnO crystals were grown hydrothermally and sliced parallel to the c-plane. This resulted in opposite surfaces (the C+ and C-) exhibiting pronounced chemical and mechanical differences. Different surface treatments were investigated and compared by PL both at room temperature and liquid helium temperatures, and by double axis X-ray rocking curve measurements. The high quality of hydrothermally-grown ZnO is substantiated by the narrow rocking curve widths and sharp PL peaks obtained. A critical factor in obtaining these results was found to be surface preparation.
AGEING AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION Daniel Callahan, Rudd H. J. ter Meulen and Eva Topkinkova (eds): A World Growing Old: The Coming Health Care Challenges. Georgetown University Press, Washington, 1995, 175 pp. ISBN 0 878 40576 3.
- MALVIN SCHECHTER, HAROLD L. SHEPPARD, ALAN MAYNARD, ROBERT H. BINSTOCK, STEPHEN G. POST, ANTHONY M. WARNES, DANIEL CALLAHAN
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- Journal:
- Ageing & Society / Volume 17 / Issue 1 / January 1997
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 January 1997, pp. 75-92
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- January 1997
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A geriatrician's perspective
The problem and its roots
Who shall have when all will die?
RESOURCE ALLOCATION AND SOCIETAL RESPONSES TO OLD AGE
Special Issue of Ageing and Society, Volume 15 part 2, June 1995
Commentaries:
1.) And a Few Pinches of Politics and Economics
2.) The case of Alzheimer disease
3.) Professional and political influence on resource allocation for older people
Reply to Commentaries:
Facts, Values, Ideologies and Ageing
Excimer Laser Induced Electrical Conductivity in Polymers
- H. M. Phillips, T. Feurer, D. L. Callahan, R. Sauerbrey
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 285 / 1992
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 January 1992, 175
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- 1992
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The electrical conductivity of high temperature polymers (i.e. polyimide) has been changedpermanently from 10−17 Ω−1 cm−1 to 10 Ω−1 cm−1 by excimer laser irradiation. The conduction mechanism is found to be phonon assisted variable range hopping between small (∼10 nm) carbon clusters that form a macroscopic percolation cluster. The critical concentration of carbon clusters is found to be Pc = 0.24 ± 0.02 and the critical exponent of the insulator-conductor transition is t = 1.97 ± 0.25.
Excimer Laser Induced Mechanical and Electrical Nanostructures in Polymers
- H. M. Phillips, D. L. Callahan, S. P. Le blanc, Z. Ball, R. Sauerbrey
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 285 / 1992
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 January 1992, 169
- Print publication:
- 1992
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Periodic line structures with periods ranging from 166 nm to 950 nm have been produced in polyimide by direct ablation with a KrF (248 nm) laser using holographic techniques. Taking advantage of the large nonlinearity in the laser ablation process, linewidths ranging from 30 nm to several hundred nanometers could be obtained. These techniques were combined with the ability to induce electrical conductivity in polyimide to produce an array of 500 nm wide electrically conducting wires. The conductivity of these wires was similar to that found in macroscopic regions of laser induced conductivity.
Preparation of Microindentations In Cross-Section
- Jonathan C. Morris, George M. Pharr, Daniel L. Callahan
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 254 / 1991
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 February 2011, 179
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- 1991
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The increased usage of indentation testing for the determination of the toughness of brittle materials has raised many questions about the nature and extent of plastic deformation in these materials. Of particular interest is the behavior of single crystal silicon in indentation (hardness) testing. Recent studies point to some interesting properties of silicon under indentation loading and unloading. The least understood of these properties is the apparent phase change and subsequent cracking that the crystalline silicon experiences upon indentation. The pressure induced phase transformation is thought to proceed by crystalline Si changing to metallic and then changing to amorphous. Accompanying this phase transformation is usually a characteristic cracking pattern.
It is the goal of a larger study to characterize the deformation process during indentation. This can be best achieved by producing an electron transparent cross section of a microindentation which is suitable for structural characterization using a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The various conventional and unconventional methods we have attempted to employ to produce suitable samples, the problems we have encountered, preliminary results, and proposed modifications are discussed.
Cluster/Surface Interactions and Cluster/Matrix Deposition
- Mark M. Ross, John H. Callahan, Fred L. King, Vicki H. Wysocki, Stephan B.H. Bach, Herbert H. Nelson, Andrew P. Baronavski, Stephen W. McElvany
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- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 206 / 1990
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 February 2011, 363
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- 1990
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This paper reports the most recent results from the cluster chemistry program at the Naval Research Laboratory, in which our efforts in the characterization of gas-phase cluster properties have been extended to studies of condensed-phase species. First, in an attempt to investigate the fundamental interactions between mass-selected cluster ions and surfaces, two tandem mass spectrometers were constructed or modified, and the results of the initial experiments will be discussed. The emphasis will be on illustrating the general utility of ion/surface collisions to study fragmentations, reactions, and deposition. Second, clusters were deposited into a matrix in order to perform spectroscopic analyses. The initial experiments have been directed at optimization of the techniques. Finally, recent measurement of the ionization potentials of large carbon clusters will be reported. These results are especially significant because of the new developments in large-scale production, isolation, and characterization of these species.
Merion Kentucky Bluegrass Response to Soil Residue of Preemergence Herbicides
- R. E. Engel, L. M. Callahan
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Preemergence herbicides were applied to lawn turf on a loam soil in April, 1963. Polychlorodicyclopentadiene isomers, N-2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide (bensulide), calcium arsenate, 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8a-octachloro-4,7-methano-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydroindane (chlordane), dimethyl 2,3,5,6-tetrachloroterephthalate (DCPA) 0-(2, 4-dichlorophenyl)-0-methyl isopropylphosphoramidothioate (DMPA) and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-tolyl-methylcarbamate (terbutol) were included. Soil of the respective plots were sampled from 0 to 2- and 2 to 4-in depths in December. These soils samples were used for planting plugs of mature Merion Kentucky bluegrass. The cultures were grown for 18 days in the greenhouse. Twenty-three in of rain had fallen between the treatment and sampling dates. Yet root growth was seriously reduced in the soil from the 0 to 2-in depth that had received terbutol and bensulide. Several chemicals gave significant reductions in topgrowth. Preemergence herbicide residues had sufficient influence on Kentucky bluegrass type lawn turf to justify specific study of each chemical with regard to this factor before widespread use.